Everything about Faculty University totally explained
A
faculty is a division within a
university. The concept of a university with different faculties for different subjects dates back to
Al-Azhar University, which had individual faculties for a
Madrasah and theological
seminary,
Islamic law and
jurisprudence,
Arabic grammar,
Islamic astronomy,
early Islamic philosophy, and
logic in Islamic philosophy.
The medieval
University of Paris, which served as a model for most of the later medieval universities in Europe, had four faculties: the Faculties of Theology, Law, Medicine, and finally the Faculty of Arts, which every student had to graduate from in order to continue his training in one of the other three, sometimes known as the higher faculties. The privilege to establish these four faculties was usually part of all medieval charters for universities, but not every university could in reality do so.
The
Faculty of Arts took its name from the seven
liberal arts: the
trivium (
grammar,
rhetoric,
dialectics) and the
quadrivium (
arithmetic,
music,
geometry and
astronomy). In German (and Scandinavian) universities this faculty has more often been known as the
Faculty of Philosophy. The degree of
Magister Artium (Master of Arts) derives its name from the Faculty of Arts, while the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) originates within German education and derives its name from the German name of the Arts faculty.
The number of faculties has usually multiplied in modern universities, both through subdivisions of the traditional four faculties, and through the absorption of academic disciplines which have developed within originally vocational schools, in areas such as engineering or agriculture.
North American usage
In
North American English, the word "faculty" has also come to be used as a collective noun for the academic staff of a university: senior
teachers,
lecturers, and/or
researchers. The term is most commonly used in this context in the
United States and
Canada, and generally includes
professors of various rank: Assistant Professors, Associate Professors, and (Full) Professors, usually
tenured or tenure-track in nature. Members of university administration (for example, department chairs,
deans, vice presidents, presidents) are often also faculty members, in many cases beginning as (and remaining) professors.
Most university faculty hold a
Ph.D. or equivalent
doctorate degree. Some
professionals or instructors from other institutions who are associated with a particular university (for example, by teaching some courses or supervising
graduate students) but don't hold professorships may be appointed as adjunct faculty.
Other than universities,
community colleges and
secondary or
primary schools also use the terms
faculty and
professor to describe their instructors, but this doesn't hold the same status as a professor in a university. Other institutions (for example, teaching
hospitals) may likewise use the term faculty. In all cases, faculty is a distinct category from
staff, although members of both groups are employees of the institution in question. This is distinct from, for example, the Australian usage, in which all employees of the institution are staff, of two types - academic staff (North American faculty) and general staff (North American staff).
Further Information
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